types of seismic waves pdf

Includes activities on elasticity, demonstrating seismic wave types with the Slinky, water waves in a wave tank, wave velocity, and the Human wave demonstration. Love, the man who predicted this type of seismic wave in 1911. Seismic waves are caused by earthquakes, underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. These waves travel in the same direction, but they shake the ground … sections of the active fault— that is, the seismic gaps—are apparently dormant because they are locked by friction. Seismic Waves and the Slinky: 4-page Lesson Plan/Handout Slinky4.doc. The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. <> endobj Along with this wave flow, the particles of the material move forward and backward, so this is called a 'push-pull wave'. The focus is the origin of the earthquake <> D¾î¸óñåFÂÄ=JÁ½�Äà”†©~k(àş1?‘»¬½dY|aå‰Š&§@a%v©Ôï ì²²ƒï»�â�2éÔRKt÷QÂP¦]{�İç./ü=ı~2Æ†OÅu`„%,:•W¸¨�-:ÏÙVªÉWo.¡Ò07eq$»Mj!z�0å‡¬&í¥"§"-‘ iK�´Ïä9. Body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, P waves and S waves. Types of seismic waves. They cause a rolling motion along the surface of the ground, similar to the movement of ocean waves. When the released energy comes on the surface of the earth, that time generated waves are known as L- waves. 3. Generally smaller and higher frequency than the S- and Surface waves. Earthquake waves, more commonly known as seismic waves, are vibrations generated by an earthquake and propagated within Earth or along its surface. endobj Figure 1 shows how p-waves and s-waves move and are refracted (bent) as they travel through different layers of Earth’s interior. Types of Seismic Waves There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. P waves act like an accordion, and move parallel to the propagation direction. Example: Enrichment in iron can reduce shear-wave speed . Figure 5.1.3 5.1.3: Plane P-wave (CC BY-SA 3.0; Christophe Dang Ngoc Chan (cdang) v), S waves can have two components of motion, vertical and horizontal. 3. P waves – Primary Waves –fastest kind of seismic wave –can move through solid rock and fluids –pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air –P waves are also known as compressional waves, because of the pushing and pulling they do (longitudinal waves) 2 0 obj P-waves or primary waves, are the first waves that the seismograph records. One category of seismic waves are body waves. endobj 5 0 obj The main wave types are body waves (P and S waves) and surface waves (Rayleigh and Love waves). (slide 12) Rayleigh waves are another type of surface wave. <> B 27. Types of Seismic Waves One category of seismic waves are body waves. <> using seismic refraction, surface-wave methods) and the presence of geological layers due to their seismic reflectivity (e.g. endobj These waves are of a higher frequency than surface waves. Chemistry - Chemical composition and mineralogy affects seismic properties . Secondary, S or Shear Waves are also called transverse wave. Body Waves P Waves (compression wave) The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. ,¾zqa@G÷‘|?ƒõæ`ı~ÛJË´øÑäıŠ‡ß§c¶Şy\¢¶˜5`s3íe|�Ê÷\>—ÌÊª\-/ B 28. Easy-to-use controls speed-up, slow-down, or reverse the wave propagation. 11 0 obj L- Waves… The first type of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. A 23. <> P-waves The P-wave is the "fast" wave and can be called a push-pull wave, because it moves by contracting and ex-panding along a horizontal path . Types of Seismic Waves 1. 7.2.1 Seismic waves • Waves in a mass- spring system • Acoustic waves in a liquid or gas • Seismic waves in a solid • Surface waves • Wavefronts, rays and geometrical attenuation • Amplitude and energy Waves in a mass- spring system A simple physical model that is useful for describing the motion of a Seismic waves travel through the layers of the Earth. Types. <> Body waves travel through the body of the Earth and are faster than surface waves. endobj 1 0 obj 16 0 obj Types of Seismic Waves There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. endobj They usually cause very little damage. 4 0 obj Seismic Waves is a browser-based tool to visualize the propagation of seismic waves from historic earthquakes through Earth’s interior and around its surface. <> 3. Types of seismic waves There are three basic types of seismic waves – P-waves, S-waves and surface waves. The first type of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. Earthquakes generate four principal types of elastic waves; two, known as body waves, travel within the Earth, whereas the other two, called surface S, Shear, Secondary, Transverse Alternating transverse Earthquakes radiate seismic `Types Seismic Waves Body waves - arrive before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. �ѲF�˜g#��OӨ��o*(� �� JFIF ` ` �� ZExif MM * J Q Q Q �� C Characteristics-1 As the wave moves towards it, the rock is tremble in parallel to it, it is known as a longitudinal wave.2. P-waves and S-waves are sometimes collectively called body waves. Earthquakes produce seismic waves that can travel long distances through Earth. stream 10 0 obj endobj Body waves can travel through the earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. (skin-effect) represent another type of surface waves. endobj Waves: Introduction and Types A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. Seismic Velocity¶ Elastic energy propagates through the earth in different ways and at different speeds. Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth or along its surface. In these waves the particles vibrate at … Some examples of waves include; water waves, sound waves, and radio waves. These waves are of a higher frequency than surface waves. seismic reflection). This is the fastest kind of seismic wave. endobj They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. %PDF-1.5 The relative arrival times of different types of seismic waves is used to determine the distance of the seismograph station from the origin of the earthquake. Body waves can be characterized as either primary or sec- ondary. Seismic Waves There are two basic types of seismic waves: body waveswhich travel through the body of the earth and sur- face waveswhich travel around the surface of the earth. <> types of seismic waves and interaction of seismic waves with shallow ambient tectonic stress Norman H. Sleep 1and Nori Nakata 1Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Abstract Strong seismic waves bring rock into frictional failure at the uppermost few hundred meters. The second major type of seismic wave is called an S-wave. <>>> `Seismic Waves These are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. Whereas body waves travel through a medium, surface waves travel along surfaces and interfaces. Seismic methods can provide valuable information of the subsurface, such as the seismic velocity structure of the geology (e.g. (skin-effect) represent another type of surface waves. 3 0 obj They are also called compressional or longitudinal waves, and push and pull the ground in the direction the wave is traveling. B 22. P waves in a liquid or gas are pressure waves, including sound waves. P-waves and S-waves are sometimes collectively called body waves. �N(�5�*��դB��ys��A�`$aI��h{B_5y,)��N�@+ՠϔ"��RLK�Į,t�-�V��t9jQ�Xb�*�Ԫ�$�0Yur��$��th��.��DI��/�$R�'�֣��$:��y>ٯn?޸� �F��-��g;��6#2ru]�K(L��禹�i�B��Äd�,��*��b0+��~?�=�H}'��N��/��iI�nh��p��,�9��n��c��[$v�)��J\We�W��{C�a��s�b��l��m��#�|D�ö^猰�j�d��yA��v��Ǧ��2��ji�#7|�x7�H*��N��s��s��A�v"��j��&\mw�[�!�M2*6��L�E0��h)�:2�;0��d7�$sGe��o��s�2�0߬��]�TP&c"�� xٲ��{wmEv�2_�I��p��_p�m�iL�>m��&L��l��C��t0;U A 30. Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth or along its surface. P waves act like an accordion, and move parallel to the propagation direction. 6 0 obj Analogously, surface elastic waves can propagate along the surface of an elastic substance. A The focus of the earthquake is directly below the epicenter. In this seismic waves worksheet, student will read information about the different types of waves that occur during an earthquake: P (Primary) waves, S (Secondary) waves, and shear waves. Types The types of seismic waves are P waves (which are longitudinal) and S waves (which are transverse). Body waves - arrive before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. Seismic waves can be defined as, “the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion”1. %�� P waves – Primary Waves –fastest kind of seismic wave –can move through solid rock and fluids –pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air –P waves are also known as compressional waves, because of the pushing and pulling they do (longitudinal waves) 15 0 obj The first two are body waves, the latter two are surface waves. As it flows through contraction and expansion of substances, it is called contraction wave. Waves: Introduction and Types A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. Surface waves - are of a lower frequency than body waves, and are easily distinguished on a seismogram as a result. <> Dogs, for instance, commonly Red - seismic waves travel more slowly than normal . Along with this wave flow, the particles of the material move forward and backward, so this is called a 'push-pull wave'. 9 0 obj There are three basic types of seismic waves – P-waves, S-waves and surface waves. x�mͽ�0��Kzg&��0�:0��l2��d��,��G��!��:ls��:ǈ��ȱ�Ոbz7dP��R9�nH��`�~IW�VS��" wave is propagating (along the raypath) P motion travels fastest in materials, so the P-wave is the first-arriving energy on a seismogram. https://www.zmescience.com/other/feature-post/the-types-of-seismic-waves 2. 8 0 obj The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. waves. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive' at a seismic station. $.' Types of Seismic Waves One category of seismic waves are body waves. Dogs, for instance, commonly The two main categories of seismic waves are body waves and surface waves. The two types of body waves are P-waves (for primary) and S-waves (for secondary). endobj endobj Seismic waves can be defined as, “the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion”1. x��VKo�@�[��[�J,��]E9��Q+EJ�H.��#5��k klR��]�|��н��շk��л��߾G�J)�jМB$)��=}��uo#��}�� L�bTV�ǟ}��c��,��* ��AD8`�P��" ��n}o��/�Vcx�f��lO�l��w߻A��7!+-]�A G�Y�.Z�W 8�U�RB'D�x��x]SӪfПf�D��x]��liN Waves come in two different forms; a Transverse Wave which moves the medium perpendicular to the wave motion, and a Temperature - Increasing temperature causes material to soften and slows down seismic velocities. D 24. A 29. Both have waves that carry energy away from the disturbance. B 25. Seismic waves make the ground vibrating to all directions from the starting point of the earthquake. endobj <> endobj 14 0 obj by mapping seismic gaps, scientists can identify which areas are most at risk within a timeframe of 30 to 100 years 3. These waves were named for A.E.H. Surface waves travel along the surface of the ground and are slower and more destructive than body waves. endstream In this lesson, we discussed four types of seismic waves: P-waves, S-waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Waves come in two different forms; a Transverse Wave which moves the medium perpendicular to the wave motion, and a Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake. Analogously, surface elastic waves can propagate along the surface of an elastic substance. Slinky4.pdf. When earthquakes occur, they release energy in a form of seismic waves. P-waves typically travel 6−13 km/sec and s-waves typically travel 3.5−7.5 km/sec. 12 0 obj Types of Seismic Waves There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. 17 0 obj Seismic waves are captured by a recorder known as a seismograph. Blue - seismic waves travel faster than normal . 7 0 obj Body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, P waves and S waves. 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