Magma, and the igneous rock it becomes, has a range of chemical compositions. Basalt and gabbro are the extrusive and intrusive names for mafic igneous rocks, and peridotite is ultramafic, with komatiite as the fine-grained extrusive equivalent. Introduction As we learned last time, melting of the mantle usually produced basaltic magmas, compositions that are referred to as mafic because of their high proportions of Mg and Fe. Igneous rock is one of the three main types of rocks; other ones are sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.Igneous rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma. View 4. For example, basalt is a mafic lava flow rock which originates from melting of the upper mantle. Igneous Rocks.pdf from GOVT 1403 at Lone Star College System. Felsic - igneous rock that is more than 65% silica with little Fe, Mg, or Ca. Felsic Rocks and Mafic Rocks. Also known as lava rock. In geology, mafic is a term which describes an igneous rock or a silicate mineral rich in iron and magnesium. Ore deposits related to mafic igneous rocks • Range from largest, most extensive igneous petrologic systems in the world (e.g., Bushveld Complex) down to moderate-sized bodies like carbonatites. Fine grained example of intermediate igneous rock. Examples of Igneous Rocks The name is appropriate because these rocks are born of fire. The dominant mineral of the rock is alkali feldspar which occurs as large crystals. Intermediate magmas are somewhat more viscous than the mafic magmas. It is not an all inclusive list but a brief pictorial list of some common igneous rocks. Dark, mostly feMg. Intrusive igneous rock - forms under the earth’s surface . The difference in elemental composition causes mafic rocks to be denser than felsic rocks. Igneous rocks are classified on the basis of their composition and their texture. Now that we have learned that granite, rhyolite, and other common types of rock are igneous, we can think about all the times we see igneous rocks in day-to-day life.Now you can categorize any granite statue you see around as extrusive or intrusive (remember – can you visually see the crystals of pure composition inside?) ROCK FORMING MINERALS 1.) Felsic rocks are rich in silica, potassium, sodium, and aluminum and contain only small amounts of iron, magnesium, and calcium. Intrusive igneous are used for a variety of purposes, including decoration, building, stonework, and jewelry. You may have noticed that there are many kinds of rocks, from the soft sandy rocks that form the cliffs at Scripps beach to the hard rocks … Igneous rocks are basically used in . The Many Uses of Igneous Rock. Tend to be light-colored and less dense. Mafic rock is a dark-colored category of igneous rock, the type of rock that forms from solidified magma. Definitions Gabbro is an example of a mafic rock. The term mafic is a combination of the words “magnesium” and “ferric.” The majority of mafic minerals are dark green or greenish black and are medium to coarse-grained. Komatiite is a rare rock because volcanic material that comes directly from the mantle is not common, although some examples can be found in ancient Archean rocks [ 2 ]. If the rock is highly dominated by Magnesium and Iron, it is called Ultramafic. Mafic igneous rocks. Since igneous rocks are characterised by silica content in them, mafic is the one with less silica content (approx. Magma, and the igneous rock it becomes, has a range of chemical compositions.For example, basalt is a mafic lava flow rock which originates from melting of the upper mantle. Beneath the … 45-55%) while felsic is the one with a greater silica content (approx.70-90%). Felsic rocks know the difference sciencestruck Html url Q webcache Mafic rocks have a relatively low silica . All of these minerals contain iron and magnesium. Therefore, rocks are divided into ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, and felsic. Igneous amphibole is made of hornblende, which is composed of an iron-magnesium silicate, a calcium-iron-magnesium silicate and an aluminum-iron-magnesium silicate. ES10 - EARTH Lecture 6 - Igneous Rocks Lisa Tauxe Rocks - a brief overview The solid Earth (the mantle and crust) is made of rock. Accordingly, there are two major types of Igneous rocks are produced viz. Igneous rocks are derived from the Latin word Ignis which means of fire or heat, the name best describes these rocks since they are born of fire. The quick cooling gives this rock a glassy look. Gabbro. Igneous rocks consist of primarily 12 types of oxides. • Magmatic segregation deposits: –formed in intrusive bodies –ore deposits formed during fractional crystallisation • Exceptions: Examples of intrusive igneous rocks are granite, diorite, gabbro, and peridotite. What is Igneous Rock. ; Mafic rocks are dominated by plagioclase and pyroxene (even if you can't see them with the naked eye) and smaller amounts of olivine. Mafic rock is an example of igneous rock which is dominated by olivine, silicates pyroxene, mica, and amphibole. a. As per Wikipedia, “Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire) is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rocks are classified according to their mineral content: Ultramafic rocks are dominated by olivine and/or pyroxene. Heavy, dense, and darker in color Amphibole, pyroxene, and olivine are common in mafic igneous rocks, such as gabbro (composed of pyroxene and plagioclase, with accessory amounts of biotite and amphibole). Course grained example of intermediate igneous rock. Difference Between Mafic and Felsic Rocks. Lectures 10&11. The classification is done based on their silica content, as silica is usually the most abundant of all the oxides present. It is a light coloured rock. Get Price; Igneous Rock Granite. Obsidian with iron. Felsic rocks are made of light-colored, low-density minerals such as quartz and feldspar. Rhyolite. The following is an example of igneous rocks. Plutonic rocks are igneous rocks that solidified from a melt at great depth. Examples of igneous rocks from the mafic (A), intermediate (B), and felsic (C) rock compositions. What color are mafic igneous rocks and how much feMg. Common mafic rock samples are basalt and gabbro. Mafic - igneous rock that is less than 52% silica and rich in Fe, Mg, and Ca. 1. Basalt. If they erupt from volcanoes onto the surface as lava, they are called extrusive rocks.By contrast, Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools underground. The four classifications of igneous rocks are ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, and felsic. Learn geology igneous rocks with free interactive flashcards. If the intrusive rock cooled underground but near the surface, it is called subvolcanic or hypabyssal, and often has visible, but tiny mineral grains. There are a couple things that differ Mafic rocks from Felsic. Differences Of Mafic And FelsicYouTube. The way that magma turns into a solid rock gives it a distinctive igneous texture. Typical felsic rocks are dacite and rhyolite. The felsic plutonic rocks usually have quartz, large proportions of potassium feldspar (orthoclase), and lesser amounts of plagioclase and mafic minerals. igneous rock uses are specific to its . Felsic magmas are the most viscous because of their high silica content. Plutons include batholiths, stocks, dikes, sills, laccoliths, lopoliths, and other igneous formations. See Some Examples. Felsic rocks are made of light-colored, low-density minerals such as quartz and feldspar. The rocks are classified on the basis of the proportions of the feldspar family of minerals, quartz, and the various dark (iron-rich) minerals like biotite, hornblende, augite and olivine. Granite: Granite and other rocks of the granite family are the most widely distributed of the deeper plutonic igneous rocks forming the major component of the earth’s crust. In geology, a pluton is a body of intrusive igneous rock (called a plutonic rock) that is crystallized from magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth. This lesson will examine the definition of this term and how to relates to earth processes. Gabbro. Igneous rocks are classified on the basis of their composition and their texture. Igneous Rock # 1. and felsic or mafic. Sample 11 has what mafic color index (MCI)? INTRODUCTORY GEOLOGY IGNEOUS ROCKS 8.8 STUDENT RESPONSES 1. Igneous Rocks . Of all the igneous rock types basalt and granite are found abundantly in the earth . 0-15%MCI 2. b. Four Classifications of Igneous Rocks . Andesite. The way that magma turns into a solid rock gives it a distinctive igneous texture. Mafic is a term used by geologists to describe igneous rocks and minerals. Rocks composed mostly of hornblende and intermediate plagioclase feldspars make up the intermediate family of igneous rocks. Mineral cleavage and hardness are additional features to help discern between minerals. Course grained example of mafic igneous rock. First Mafic rocks are darker and denser than Felsic rocks. Back. 16-45% Also Mafic rocks are rich in calcium, iron, and magnesium, and poor in silicon. Representative Image: Igneous intrusion. Igneous rocks are those that form via the process of melting and cooling. Diorite. A common mafic rock is basalt. A great example of a glass igneous rock is obsidian, which cools quickly on the surface of the earth after erupting from a volcano. Examples of metal depleted mafic rocks associated with economic or subeconomic concentrations of Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide mineralization are recognized in several other large igneous provinces: 1. Additionally, they contain somewhat more gas than do the mafic magmas, but not quite as much as the felsic magmas (see below). Click any image to enlarge. Igneous rocks get their name from the latin word for fire “igneus”. Felsic rocks are rich in silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium, while the mafic rocks are rich in magnesium and iron. Choose from 500 different sets of geology igneous rocks flashcards on Quizlet. The mineral compositions of igneous rocks are usually described as being felsic, intermediate, mafic, or ultramafic (as examples, see Figure 4.7 and Figure 4.8). 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